The Keynesian and Neoliberal View of Unemployment Essay

Both the Keynesian and Neoliberal era came into existence as an aftermath of both an economic crisis and a war. Keynesianism came after the Second World War when the then neoclassical economy was in crisis. This crisis brought forth Keynesianism with the underlying disbelief in the self-regulating nature of capitalism. The Keynesian ideology believed in increased state intervention to produce economic stability. This policy rested on four policy prescription; full employment; a social safety net; increased labor rights; and investment policies were to be left to private enterprises. Keynesianism’s subsequent inability to deal with the unexpected inflation caused by two international oil crises and during the period of the†¦show more content†¦Evidence of this period can be seen from the dramatic increase in GDP from 15.7 percent to 26.4 percent between 1920 and 1950 then reaching 46.5 percent in 1984 (Course-reader 26: Banting 1986b:2; Bakker 1990:429, Table 2.1 ). Th ere was a general fear that if the economy would land in another economic crisis if reforms were not made. Even capitalist supporters believed that market could simply not survive without some degree of state intervention and regulation (Course-reader 24:Savage and Robins 1982: ix). The fall of the Keynesian (the Keynesian crisis) era was instigated by the inflation caused by the 1973 Arab oil embargo and the subsequent increase in oil prices by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This fall in the Keynesian era was accompanied with capital flight, decline in profits and De-industrialization in the economy. The neoliberal era on the other hand, made its debut in 1984 after the defeat of the Trudeau administration and is the era we are in today. Comparable to the Keynesian era, the neoliberal era was a response to the crisis of the Keynesian era in the 1970s and 1980s. The Neoliberal era emerged as a result of the failure of the Keynesian era to deal with the stagflation that arose in the economy as well as the inability of Keynesianism to adaptShow MoreRelatedEconomics And Classical Liberal Economics1900 Words   |  8 PagesAfter World War II, Keynesian policies had dominated the economic system in most countries around the world. However, this soon changed after the oil crisis in the 1970’s and after government intervention was blamed for stagflation, paving the way for the rise in neoliberal economics dominated by Thatcherism and Reaganomics. The difference between neoliberal economics and classical liberal economics is the rejection of Adam Smith’s theory of the invis ible hand of supply and demand and believe itRead MoreThe Great Depression Shaped Economic Theory, Social Life, And People s View Of A Market Economy1157 Words   |  5 Pagestheory, social life, and people’s view of a market economy in general. The capitalist economic system seemed to be on the verge of collapse. Something drastic needed to be done in order to get society out of the depression. In his famous book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Keyes attempted to show how economics and the market functioned and he proposed different approaches to creating government policy to guide the economy post war. Keynesian economists proposed that theRead MoreLiberal Compromise And The Golden Age2581 Words   |  11 Pageswas the USA at that time. As Charles Kindleberger, put it: ‘for the world economy to be stabilized, there has to be a stabilizer, one stabilizer. Two theories emerge about hegemonic stability and the role of the USA, the neorealist theory and the neoliberal theory. Neo-realists argue that an international free system of trade, is what the hegemon desires as it stands to benefit the most out of it as opposed to smaller states. Other states could still however benefit from an open free market. AspectsRead MoreCorporate Tax Rate4162 Words   |  17 Pagesultimately be lost in under-performing corporations and a decrease in future jobs and foreign investment, and that instead, lowering the tax rate will generate foreign investment and increase domestic corporate productivity. Considering these two views, the purpose of this essay is to examine the question: Should Canada further cut its corporate tax rate? In doing so it will argue that the Canadian government should continue with the scheduled plan to cut the corporate tax rate further from 16.5%Read MoreThe Legacy Of Ford s Policies1682 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic ills of the day. When classic liberalism, a laisse faire approach espousing freedom of the market, failed, Keynesian egalitarian liberalism successfully promoted market regulation, government spending, high taxation of the wealthy, and higher wages and welfare social services. When the egalitarian mold met with economic crisis in the 1970s, its high inflation and unemployment coupled with low corporate profit prompted the â€Å"revival of classic liberalism under the novel conditions of globalization†Read MoreThe Neo Classical Model Of Economics1505 Words   |  7 PagesMONETARISM The 1930’s saw the neo-classical model of economics, championed by Walras and Mengers, crumble as rates of unemployment rose exponentially on a global scale. In the midst of this economic crisis Keynes offered solution to the crisis in his 1936 ‘General theory of Employment, Interests and Money’. He successfully argued that the state was alone capable of steering the economy to produce ‘social stability and social justice’ (Valentine, 2003) Thus the post-war consensus was formed and consequentiallyRead MoreFinancialization Essay7910 Words   |  32 Pagesmultifaceted agenda that (1) restores policy control over financial markets, (2) challenges the neoliberal economic policy paradigm encouraged by financialization, (3) makes corporations responsive to interests of stakeholders other than just financial markets, and (4) reforms the political process so as to diminish the influence of corporations and wealthy elites. Keywords: Financialization; Neoliberal Policy; Deregulation; Debt; Financial Fragility JEL Classifications: B50, E44, E60 2 IRead More Unregulated Capitalism Undermines the Legitimacy of Liberal Democracy2355 Words   |  10 Pagesintolerable working conditions in order to obtain surplus value (Harder 81). After the Second World War, Keynesian taxation policies and welfare programs were designed to stimulate the economy and re-empower the working class (Harder 82; Li 292-3). However, concerns were raised about economic stagflation and whether apathetic persons were depleting valuable resources. With this dissent, the neoliberal state emerged in the 1970s to reduce the extent of social programs and promote capitalism that was largelyRead MoreHas Globalization Change Culture and Societal Norms?3163 Words   |  13 Pages1834, essentially welfare was provided by local charities or deemed to be the responsibility of family and predominantly provided by females (Haralambos and Holborn 2008). Following the Great Depression in 1930 and economic crisis after WW2, a Keynesian approach was introduced in tack ling the United Kingdom’s economic crisis by developing a fiscal policy creating full employment. As reliance on interdependent global economies were considered to have influenced the Great Depression (Giddons 2009)Read MoreSocial Policy Essay6100 Words   |  25 Pagesworkers for the free treatment of the tuberculosis by a panel doctor. on the other hand , the national insurance Act part II provided the people for the unemployment benefit for unlimited time. In order to cover the most of the workers from the age of 16 who are manual and non manual and get lower paid, an Act was extended known as Unemployment Insurance act 1920. The Old age and widows pension act 1940 decreased the pension age for the women of the age between 60 to 65 yrs old. There was a formation

Imaginative Play - 9679 Words

sychChildren’s Imaginative Play: A Descriptive Psychology Approach Charles Kantor, Ph.D. Abstract The signiï ¬ cance of children’s imaginative play is presented from the perspective of Descriptive Psychology and in particular Ossorio’s Dramaturgical model of persons. The ï ¬â€šuidity of imaginative play, the imitation of and creation of social practices and options within play as well as the opportunity to switch roles and act according to reasons of another, contribute to the development of judgment. The observer-critic role emerges during imaginative play as children produce, direct, and enact their dramas. Within these scenarios, children develop competence and eligibility to be not only status assigners but also self status assigners. During†¦show more content†¦The self and self concept The psychoanalytic theorists (Freud, Erikson) see children playing out negative emotions in a safe context. Children are attempting to regain control in situations of conï ¬â€šict. Mead stresses the importance of role playing in children’s play, which activit y contributes to a child’s sense of self (Verenikina et al, 2003). Erikson (1963, p.240) in describing a young client struggling with the wartime death of his father, a pilot, illustrates the healing value of play: â€Å"†¦he was observed swooping down a hill on a bicycle, endangering, scaring, yet deftly avoiding other children†¦. In watching him, and hearing the strange noises he made, I could not help thinking that he again imagined himself to be an airplane on a bombing mission. But at the same time he gained in playful mastery over his locomotion; he exercised circumspection in his attack, and he became an admired virtuoso on a bicycle.† 259 Advances in Descriptive Psychology—Vol. 9 This description of a young boy playing imaginatively illustrates elements that theorists over the years have attributed to the value of play. His role play was distinctly social as others witnessed his attack, and his actions increased his stature, his prestige among his friends. His ability to handle the bike, his cognitive strength, â€Å"circumspection in his attack†, as he swoops down the hill, is noted as well. His self esteem increased to the extent that heShow MoreRelatedImportant Aspects Of A Functioning Classroom904 Words   |  4 Pageseducation system today, but I believe most of the theories we discussed could be accorporated much more in the classroom. John Dewey, Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori, and Lev Vygotsky all understood the way children think and the importance of imaginative play. They also understood that children need to be active in nature. Also, we have discussed different forms of learning, such as project based learning, and outdoor classrooms . In my opinion, the education system should have minor changes that benefitRead MoreSocial Learning And Teaching Play Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching play. Play involves the holistic child, from the physical, psychological, intellectual, social, and emotional. Either by working independently or group work. Play is now a big part of the curriculum as doesn’t just help with the teaching side, but it also gives the children a way to relax and be themselves, and to express their feelings or what is going on in their life through play. (http://ccea.org.uk accessed on 29th November 2016) Tina Bruce would also be a big influence on play, creativityRead MorePlay Education Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pages Play Education is the most important activity in the lives of children. Play is the foundation of learning for young children. For children play, is how they begin to understand and process their world? The best part for children is that play is fun and this keeps them always wanting more because they enjoy participating in it. Play education is for children up until age 12. And different ages are broken down into groups. Giving the child time and some few basic toys can provide them with a varietyRead MoreChildren’s Care, Learning and Development Essay666 Words   |  3 Pageslearning. 1.2. Describe how creative development links to other areas of learning and development within the framework related to own work setting. Creative development can link to many other areas of development. For example, through sand play the children are developing a whole range of skills, they are using their physical development to manipulate and mould the sand, they are developing their personal, social, communication, language literacy skills through playing together and chatteringRead MoreAnand Smilansky : A Developmental Theorist Who Has On Children s Learning1524 Words   |  7 PagesTheorist who has identified four types of play: Functional play, Constructive play, Dramatic play, and games with rules. Smilansky says that Dramatic play is the most mature type of play because this is the time where children start to understand their surroundings and imitate what they see others doing. The research on play focused on sociodramatic play and the impact it has on children’s learning. In Smilansky’s book ‘The Effects of Sociodramatic play on Disadvantaged Preschool Children’, she saysRead Mor eThe Act Of Playing And Learning1010 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Play is often talked about as if it were a relief from serious learning, but for children, play is serious learning.† (Mr. Rogers) Children love to play with toys because it is an important form of communication. It is through this act that children can create a life in a world of fantasy and imagination. They can have an enjoyable relationship between playing and learning. The act of playing enables the process of the child s learning since it facilitates the construction of physical, cognitiveRead MoreThe Play Heratbreaker875 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of the play Heartbreaker Name Institution Date Introduction The play Heartbreaker is a fictitious story done by Michael Golamco. It features two main characters, Vithy, who is a sixteen year old teenager and her elder sister Ra who is aged twenty two years. The play takes place in a solemn setting down in a small apartment bedroom. The room does not contain a lot of things; it is empty except for some few basic properties that make a bedroom. They events of the play take place atRead MoreThe Article Learning Through Play : Portraits, Photoshop And Visual Literacy Practices `` Written By Michelle A1020 Words   |  5 Pages The article â€Å"Learning Through Play: Portraits, Photoshop and Visual Literacy Practices† written by Michelle A. Honeyford and Karen Boyd,is about learning literacy through imaginative and visual play. The article gives a detailed look at an afterschool program that lets students learn about literacy while using creativity. Throughout this critique, areas of the article will be discussed that were successful and some that need improvement. One area of success is keeping creativity in education. ButRead MoreA Critique On Human Development Research870 Words   |  4 PagesArticle: The Need for Pretend Play in Child Development Author: Scott Barry Kaufman PH.D. (co authors: Jerome L. Singer and Dorothy G. Singer) Source of Article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beautiful-minds/201203/the-need-pretend-play-in-child-development The article I chose to critique for my paper is focused on early childhood development, starting around age two to about age seven. The article focuses on research that has been done about pretend play, and how necessary it is for aRead MoreCritique of a Toy1020 Words   |  5 Pages it allows for free play and helps children to be creative, it helps develop their learning skills and is good for their hand to eye co-ordination which also which also increase their physical and intellectual development ( Ellis flood 2010 Child Development for students in Ireland Dublin Gill Macmillan ) Margaret Macmillan approach to the curriculum was designed around toy which develops a child’s fine and gross motor skills and manual dexterity and she regarded free play as an important aspect

Dashain The Festival of Nepal Free Essays

Dashain Festival of Nepal INTRODUCTION Dashain is the biggest festival in Nepal. Dashain is celebrated by Nepalese people with great excitement. It is normally in the month of October but sometimes in late September. We will write a custom essay sample on Dashain: The Festival of Nepal or any similar topic only for you Order Now This festival is the longest and the most important of all festivals in Nepal. It falls in the best time of the year when fruits, vegetables and other foods are in plenty. And, all animals are well fed and healthy. It is said that Dashain is a celebration of the victory of the gods over the wicked demons. More sophisticated people think it as a message that good will always wins over bad in the end. And, we all should stand on the side of the good even when the bad side may look to be stronger. THE PREPARATION Before the first day of Dashain starts, people clean their houses, clean up the barns, paint white and red colours on the walls, paint the windows, repair the Aangan, repair the barns and trails in the villages, and paint the temples, schools and shelters with white clay. They buy new clothes, lots of food and spices. Then the celebration begins. THE FIFTEEN DAYS OF DASHAIN The fifteen days are said to mark the various events in the war between the gods and the demons. These fifteen days of Dashain are celebrated as follows: * Day 1: Ghastapana:Â  It is the first day of moon and represents the start of the battle. All weapons and tools in the households are gathered, cleaned and put in a room where Goddess Durga’s worship is commenced. Seeds of corn and barley are planted in a large planter of leaves and kept in dark in the worship room. These seeds would have grown to be yellow seedlings (Jamara) by the ninth day, when they are offered to Vishwa Karma and to all worshippers on the tenth day. * Day 2-7: Dwitia to Saptami:Â  Represent the continuation of the battle. * Day 8: Ashtami:Â  Animals are sacrificed in the temples of Goddess Durga asking for her help to win the battle. * Day 9: Nawami:Â  People worship Durga in mass. Everyone goes to temple of Durga. Also Vishwa Karma (god of creativity) is worshipped at the room where all tools and weapons were kept and the tools are finally released from the room. All machinery like sewing machine, cars, carts and grinding mills are stopped and offerings are made to Vishwa Karma asking to protect from accidents and mishaps. This day signifies that everyone gets ready for the final battle. * Day 10: Vijaya Dasami:Â  Goddess Durga defeats demon Mahishasur. Good finally wins over the bad. Victory is celebrated with exchanges of blessings and best possible food one can afford. Elders in the family give blessings to the young and put Tika and Jamara on their forehead. People are supposed to pay honor to and get blessings from the all surviving elders in the family clan. All people seem to be on the move as they try to visit as many relatives as possible to collect the most possible blessings. * Day 11-14: Ekadashi – Chaturthi:Â  These days are for visiting elders that were too far to visit on the tenth day. Also if some difficulties prevented us from reaching home and elders. So Tika continues throughout Dashain. * Day 15: Purnima or Kojagrat Purnima:Â  Dashain ends on the day of full-moon. On this day, people stay at home and rest. Laxmi (the goddess of wealth) is worshiped on this date. People are now ready to work and acquire virtue, power and wealth. In Dashain, you want a tika from an older person in your family or from anyone. You want to receive blessings from as many wellwishers as you can. First you start in your family. The oldest person in your family gives Tika and blessings to the youngest then the second youngest and so on. Anticipation, fun, hope, blessings and friendship come to you in Dashain, especially when you are close to your relatives and friends, and not in a far-away land and alone. You still write to your relatives or call them if you can and get thier thoughts and blessings even when you are far-far-away! How to cite Dashain: The Festival of Nepal, Papers